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JAX-WS @WebService example

Creating Web Services with JAX-WS is quite easy. Little has to be done aside from annotating a class with @WebService. Thie example shows the use of CDI with webservice annotation. The web.xml expose the webservice servlet at the address http://\(${host}:$\){port}/pojo-webservice?wsdl. To run the sample you can use the tomee maven plugin, mvn tomee:run.

web.xml

Expose a servlet for the webservice

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
        version="3.0">
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>ws</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.superbiz.ws.pojo.PojoWS</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ws</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

@PojoWS

This is the only concrete class annotated as @WebService that expose one operation ws(), also WebServiceContext and UserTransaction are injected in the class and used in the operation.

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import jakarta.jws.WebService;
import jakarta.transaction.UserTransaction;
import jakarta.xml.ws.WebServiceContext;

@WebService
public class PojoWS implements WS {

    @Resource
    private WebServiceContext webServiceContext;

    @Resource
    private UserTransaction userTransaction;

    @Override
    public String ws() {
        return webServiceContext + " & " + userTransaction;
    }

    public void setWebServiceContext(WebServiceContext webServiceContext) {
        this.webServiceContext = webServiceContext;
    }

    public void setUserTransaction(UserTransaction userTransaction) {
        this.userTransaction = userTransaction;
    }
}

@WebService Endpoint Interface

Having an endpoint interface is not required, but it can make testing and using the web service from other Java clients far easier.

import jakarta.jws.WebService;

@WebService
public interface WS {

    String ws();
}

PojoWS WSDL

The wsdl for our service is autmatically created for us and available at http://127.0.0.1:8080/pojo-webservice?wsdl.

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><wsdl:definitions xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:tns="http://pojo.ws.superbiz.org/" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:ns1="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" name="PojoWSService" targetNamespace="http://pojo.ws.superbiz.org/">
<wsdl:types>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:tns="http://pojo.ws.superbiz.org/" elementFormDefault="unqualified" targetNamespace="http://pojo.ws.superbiz.org/" version="1.0">

<xs:element name="ws" type="tns:ws"/>

<xs:element name="wsResponse" type="tns:wsResponse"/>

<xs:complexType name="ws">
    <xs:sequence/>
</xs:complexType>

<xs:complexType name="wsResponse">
    <xs:sequence>
    <xs:element minOccurs="0" name="return" type="xs:string"/>
    </xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>

</xs:schema>
</wsdl:types>
<wsdl:message name="ws">
    <wsdl:part element="tns:ws" name="parameters">
    </wsdl:part>
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="wsResponse">
    <wsdl:part element="tns:wsResponse" name="parameters">
    </wsdl:part>
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:portType name="WS">
    <wsdl:operation name="ws">
    <wsdl:input message="tns:ws" name="ws">
    </wsdl:input>
    <wsdl:output message="tns:wsResponse" name="wsResponse">
    </wsdl:output>
    </wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:portType>
<wsdl:binding name="PojoWSServiceSoapBinding" type="tns:WS">
    <soap:binding style="document" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/>
    <wsdl:operation name="ws">
    <soap:operation soapAction="" style="document"/>
    <wsdl:input name="ws">
        <soap:body use="literal"/>
    </wsdl:input>
    <wsdl:output name="wsResponse">
        <soap:body use="literal"/>
    </wsdl:output>
    </wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:binding>
<wsdl:service name="PojoWSService">
    <wsdl:port binding="tns:PojoWSServiceSoapBinding" name="PojoWSPort">
    <soap:address location="http://localhost:8080/pojo-webservice"/>
    </wsdl:port>
</wsdl:service>

Invoke ws operation

The operation can be tested with a client like SoapUI that will generate the following request for the ws operation

ws()

Request SOAP message:

<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:pojo="http://pojo.ws.superbiz.org/">
    <soapenv:Header/>
    <soapenv:Body>
        <pojo:ws/>
    </soapenv:Body>
</soapenv:Envelope>

Response SOAP message:

<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
    <soap:Body>
        <ns2:wsResponse xmlns:ns2="http://pojo.ws.superbiz.org/">
            <return>org.apache.cxf.jaxws.context.WebServiceContextImpl@94b724d &amp; org.apache.openejb.resource.GeronimoTransactionManagerFactory$DestroyableTransactionManager@5fe405bf</return>
        </ns2:wsResponse>
    </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

This shows that WebServiceContext and UserTransaction are successfully injected.

Running

Running the example can be done from maven with a simple `mvn tomee:run' command run from the `pojo-webservice' directory.

When run you should see output similar to the following.

26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.667 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Server version:        Apache Tomcat (TomEE)/9.0.12 (8.0.0-SNAPSHOT)
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.668 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Server built:          Sep 4 2018 22:13:41 UTC
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.668 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Server number:         9.0.12.0
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.668 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke OS Name:               Linux
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.668 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke OS Version:            4.15.0-43-generic
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.668 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Architecture:          amd64
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.668 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Java Home:             /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.669 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke JVM Version:           1.8.0_144-b01
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.669 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke JVM Vendor:            Oracle Corporation
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.669 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke CATALINA_BASE:         /tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.669 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke CATALINA_HOME:         /tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.669 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.669 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE=false
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.669 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -Dopenejb.session.manager=org.apache.tomee.catalina.session.QuickSessionManager
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.669 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -Dtomee.remote.support=true
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.670 INFO [main] sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -Dopenejb.system.apps=false
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.670 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -Dtomee.jsp-development=true
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.670 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee/conf/logging.properties
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.670 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -javaagent:/tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee/lib/openejb-javaagent.jar
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.670 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.670 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee/temp
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.670 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.670 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.670 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -Dcatalina.ext.dirs=/tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee/lib
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.670 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.tomcat.util.http.ServerCookie.ALLOW_HTTP_SEPARATORS_IN_V0=true
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.670 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Command line argument: -ea
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.671 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: [/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib]
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.855 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.873 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.893 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
26-Dec-2018 21:20:55.896 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.206 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.util.OptionsLog.info Using 'tomee.remote.support=true'
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.217 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.util.OptionsLog.info Using 'openejb.jdbc.datasource-creator=org.apache.tomee.jdbc.TomEEDataSourceCreator'
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.302 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.OpenEJB$Instance.<init> ********************************************************************************
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.302 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.OpenEJB$Instance.<init> OpenEJB http://tomee.apache.org/
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.302 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.OpenEJB$Instance.<init> Startup: Wed Dec 26 21:20:56 CET 2018
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.302 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.OpenEJB$Instance.<init> Copyright 1999-2018 (C) Apache OpenEJB Project, All Rights Reserved.
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.302 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.OpenEJB$Instance.<init> Version: 8.0.0-SNAPSHOT
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.303 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.OpenEJB$Instance.<init> Build date: 20181226
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.303 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.OpenEJB$Instance.<init> Build time: 02:24
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.303 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.OpenEJB$Instance.<init> ********************************************************************************
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.303 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.OpenEJB$Instance.<init> openejb.home = /tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.303 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.OpenEJB$Instance.<init> openejb.base = /tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.305 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.cdi.CdiBuilder.initializeOWB Created new singletonService org.apache.openejb.cdi.ThreadSingletonServiceImpl@159f197
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.305 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.cdi.CdiBuilder.initializeOWB Succeeded in installing singleton service
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.344 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.config.ConfigurationFactory.init TomEE configuration file is '/tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee/conf/tomee.xml'
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.431 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.config.ConfigurationFactory.configureService Configuring Service(id=Tomcat Security Service, type=SecurityService, provider-id=Tomcat Security Service)
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.433 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.config.ConfigurationFactory.configureService Configuring Service(id=Default Transaction Manager, type=TransactionManager, provider-id=Default Transaction Manager)
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.435 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.util.OptionsLog.info Using 'openejb.system.apps=false'
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.436 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.util.OptionsLog.info Using 'openejb.deployments.classpath=false'
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.454 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.assembler.classic.Assembler.createRecipe Creating TransactionManager(id=Default Transaction Manager)
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.504 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.assembler.classic.Assembler.createRecipe Creating SecurityService(id=Tomcat Security Service)
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.564 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.server.ServiceManager.initServer Creating ServerService(id=cxf)
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.724 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.server.ServiceManager.initServer Creating ServerService(id=cxf-rs)
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.778 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.server.SimpleServiceManager.start   ** Bound Services **
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.778 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.server.SimpleServiceManager.printRow   NAME                 IP              PORT
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.778 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.server.SimpleServiceManager.start -------
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.779 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.server.SimpleServiceManager.start Ready!
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.779 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Initialization processed in 1609 ms
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.806 INFO [main] org.apache.tomee.catalina.OpenEJBNamingContextListener.bindResource Importing a Tomcat Resource with id 'UserDatabase' of type 'org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase'.
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.807 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.assembler.classic.Assembler.createRecipe Creating Resource(id=UserDatabase)
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.822 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Starting service [Catalina]
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.822 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat (TomEE)/9.0.12 (8.0.0-SNAPSHOT)
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.839 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Deploying web application archive [/tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee/webapps/pojo-webservice.war]
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.846 INFO [main] org.apache.tomee.catalina.TomcatWebAppBuilder.init ------------------------- localhost -> /pojo-webservice
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.847 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.util.JarExtractor.extract Extracting jar: /tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee/webapps/pojo-webservice.war
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.850 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.util.JarExtractor.extract Extracted path: /tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee/webapps/pojo-webservice
26-Dec-2018 21:20:56.852 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.util.OptionsLog.info Using 'openejb.session.manager=org.apache.tomee.catalina.session.QuickSessionManager'
26-Dec-2018 21:20:57.121 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.config.ConfigurationFactory.configureApplication Configuring enterprise application: /tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee/webapps/pojo-webservice
26-Dec-2018 21:20:57.227 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.config.ConfigurationFactory.configureService Configuring Service(id=Default Managed Container, type=Container, provider-id=Default Managed Container)
26-Dec-2018 21:20:57.227 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.config.AutoConfig.createContainer Auto-creating a container for bean pojo-webservice.Comp1279740095: Container(type=MANAGED, id=Default Managed Container)
26-Dec-2018 21:20:57.228 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.assembler.classic.Assembler.createRecipe Creating Container(id=Default Managed Container)
26-Dec-2018 21:20:57.238 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.core.managed.SimplePassivater.init Using directory /tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee/temp for stateful session passivation
26-Dec-2018 21:20:57.278 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.config.AppInfoBuilder.build Enterprise application "/tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee/webapps/pojo-webservice" loaded.
26-Dec-2018 21:20:57.283 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.assembler.classic.Assembler.createApplication Assembling app: /tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee/webapps/pojo-webservice
26-Dec-2018 21:20:57.538 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.assembler.classic.Assembler.createApplication Deployed Application(path=/tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee/webapps/pojo-webservice)
26-Dec-2018 21:20:57.643 INFO [main] org.apache.myfaces.ee.MyFacesContainerInitializer.onStartup Using org.apache.myfaces.ee.MyFacesContainerInitializer
26-Dec-2018 21:20:57.717 INFO [main] org.apache.jasper.servlet.TldScanner.scanJars At least one JAR was scanned for TLDs yet contained no TLDs. Enable debug logging for this logger for a complete list of JARs that were scanned but no TLDs were found in them. Skipping unneeded JARs during scanning can improve startup time and JSP compilation time.
26-Dec-2018 21:20:58.086 INFO [main] org.apache.cxf.common.injection.ResourceInjector.visitField failed to resolve resource org.superbiz.ws.pojo.PojoWS/userTransaction
26-Dec-2018 21:20:58.370 INFO [main] org.apache.openejb.server.webservices.WsService.afterApplicationCreated Webservice(wsdl=http://localhost:8080/pojo-webservice/*, qname={http://pojo.ws.superbiz.org/}PojoWSService) --> Pojo(id=localhost.pojo-webservice.ws)
26-Dec-2018 21:20:58.411 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Deployment of web application archive [/tomee/examples/pojo-webservice/target/apache-tomee/webapps/pojo-webservice.war] has finished in [1,571] ms
26-Dec-2018 21:20:58.422 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.setClassLoaderProperty Unable to set the web application class loader property [clearReferencesRmiTargets] to [true] as the property does not exist.
26-Dec-2018 21:20:58.423 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.setClassLoaderProperty Unable to set the web application class loader property [clearReferencesObjectStreamClassCaches] to [true] as the property does not exist.
26-Dec-2018 21:20:58.423 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.setClassLoaderProperty Unable to set the web application class loader property [skipMemoryLeakChecksOnJvmShutdown] to [false] as the property does not exist.
26-Dec-2018 21:20:58.438 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
26-Dec-2018 21:20:58.456 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
26-Dec-2018 21:20:58.463 INFO [main] sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke Server startup in 1681 ms

Inside the jar

With so much going on it can make things look more complex than they are. It can be hard to believe that so much can happen with such little code. That’s the benefit of having an app server.

If we look at the jar built by maven, we’ll see the application itself is quite small:

$ jar tvf target/pojo-webservice.war
    99 Wed Dec 26 21:08:26 CET 2018 META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
    0 Wed Dec 26 21:08:26 CET 2018 META-INF/
    0 Wed Dec 26 21:08:26 CET 2018 WEB-INF/
    0 Wed Dec 26 21:08:26 CET 2018 WEB-INF/classes/
    0 Wed Dec 26 21:08:26 CET 2018 WEB-INF/classes/org/
    0 Wed Dec 26 21:08:26 CET 2018 WEB-INF/classes/org/superbiz/
    0 Wed Dec 26 21:08:26 CET 2018 WEB-INF/classes/org/superbiz/ws/
    0 Wed Dec 26 21:08:26 CET 2018 WEB-INF/classes/org/superbiz/ws/pojo/
1160 Wed Dec 26 21:08:24 CET 2018 WEB-INF/classes/org/superbiz/ws/pojo/PojoWS.class
207 Wed Dec 26 21:08:24 CET 2018 WEB-INF/classes/org/superbiz/ws/pojo/WS.class
1349 Wed Dec 26 17:41:54 CET 2018 WEB-INF/web.xml
3661 Wed Dec 26 17:41:54 CET 2018 META-INF/maven/org.superbiz/pojo-webservice/pom.xml
102 Wed Dec 26 21:08:26 CET 2018 META-INF/maven/org.superbiz/pojo-webservice/pom.properties

This single jar could be deployed any any compliant Java EE implementation.

The server already contains the right libraries to run the code, such as Apache CXF, so no need to include anything extra beyond your own application code.

APIs Used