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JPA Hibernate

Este ejemplo muestra la persistencia, eliminación y creación de una consulta en JPA Hibernate. La API de persistencia de Java (JPA) es una especificación de Java para acceder, persistir y administrar datos entre objetos / clases Java y una base de datos relacional.

Para ejemplificar el uso de JPA, persistiremos un objeto (Película) en la base de datos.

Se han agregado enlaces a la documentación en partes clave del ejemplo para preguntas y como una forma de fomentar la lectura en busca de detalles.

Movie

Aquí tenemos una clase con algunos detalles. Ver la anotación @Entity arriba de la declaración de clase, estamos diciendo que esta clase es una entidad (una tabla en la base de datos). Todavía tenemos dos anotaciones más sobre el atributo id, una de las cuales es @Id, la anotación, indica que este atributo es el identificador de la entidad y la otra anotación @GeneratedValue indica que la generación de los identificadores únicos será administrada por el proveedor de persistencia.

package org.superbiz.injection.h5jpa;

import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import jakarta.persistence.GenerationType;
import jakarta.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class Movie {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private long id;

    private String director;
    private String title;
    private int year;

    public Movie() {
    }

    public Movie(String director, String title, int year) {
        this.director = director;
        this.title = title;
        this.year = year;
    }

    public String getDirector() {
        return director;
    }

    public void setDirector(String director) {
        this.director = director;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public int getYear() {
        return year;
    }

    public void setYear(int year) {
        this.year = year;
    }

}

Movies

Ahora tenemos dos cosas importantes: la anotacion @PersistenceContext y la declaracion EntityManager. es la interfaz con los métodos principales de JPA como persistir, eliminar, fusionar, buscar y otros …​ Anotamos el EntityManager com @PersistenceContext, um contexto de persistência é um gerenciamento de entidades onde, todo contexto de persistência é associado com uma unidade de persistência (persistence-unit), un contexto de persistencia es una gestión de entidad donde cada contexto de persistencia asociado con una unidad de persistencia, crearemos un persistence.xml para esto.

package org.superbiz.injection.h5jpa;

import jakarta.ejb.Stateful;
import jakarta.persistence.EntityManager;
import jakarta.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import jakarta.persistence.PersistenceContextType;
import jakarta.persistence.Query;
import java.util.List;

@Stateful
public class Movies {

    @PersistenceContext(unitName = "movie-unit", type = PersistenceContextType.EXTENDED)
    private EntityManager entityManager;

    public void addMovie(Movie movie) throws Exception {
        entityManager.persist(movie);
    }

    public void deleteMovie(Movie movie) throws Exception {
        entityManager.remove(movie);
    }

    public List<Movie> getMovies() throws Exception {
        Query query = entityManager.createQuery("SELECT m from Movie as m");
        return query.getResultList();
    }
}

persistence.xml

Aquí definimos qué base de datos persistirá nuestras películas, y realizamos otras configuraciones como: definir una unidad de persistencia con el nombre de unidad de la película, seguido de la definición del proveedor/implementación de JPA (en este caso Hibernate) y establecemos algunos propiedades para hibernar. Tenga en cuenta que estamos utilizando compositores de aplicaciones en nuestra prueba, por lo que no necesitamos en su representación xml.

<persistence xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/persistence https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_3_0.xsd"
             version="3.0">
  <persistence-unit name="movie-unit">
    <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
    <jta-data-source>movieDatabase</jta-data-source>
    <non-jta-data-source>movieDatabaseUnmanaged</non-jta-data-source>
    <properties>
      <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop"/>
      <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect"/>
      <property name="tomee.jpa.cdi" value="false"/>
    </properties>
  </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

MoviesTest

Ahora hacemos una prueba, persistiendo tres películas, luego realizamos una búsqueda y finalmente las eliminamos.

package org.superbiz.injection.h5jpa;

import jakarta.inject.Inject;
import org.apache.openejb.jee.EjbJar;
import org.apache.openejb.jee.jpa.unit.PersistenceUnit;
import org.apache.openejb.junit.ApplicationComposer;
import org.apache.openejb.testing.Classes;
import org.apache.openejb.testing.Configuration;
import org.apache.openejb.testing.Module;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

@RunWith(ApplicationComposer.class)
public class MoviesTest {

    @Inject
    private Movies movies;

    @Module
    public PersistenceUnit persistence() {
        PersistenceUnit unit = new PersistenceUnit("movie-unit");
        unit.setJtaDataSource("movieDatabase");
        unit.setNonJtaDataSource("movieDatabaseUnmanaged");
        unit.getClazz().add(Movie.class.getName());
        unit.setProvider("org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider");
        unit.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "create-drop");
        unit.setProperty("tomee.jpa.cdi", "false");
        return unit;
    }

    @Module
    @Classes(cdi = true, value = Movies.class)
    public EjbJar beans() {
        EjbJar ejbJar = new EjbJar("movie-beans");
        return ejbJar;
    }

    @Configuration
    public Properties config() throws Exception {
        Properties p = new Properties();
        p.put("movieDatabase", "new://Resource?type=DataSource");
        p.put("movieDatabase.JdbcDriver", "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");
        p.put("movieDatabase.JdbcUrl", "jdbc:hsqldb:mem:moviedb");
        return p;
    }

    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        movies.addMovie(new Movie("Quentin Tarantino", "Reservoir Dogs", 1992));
        movies.addMovie(new Movie("Joel Coen", "Fargo", 1996));
        movies.addMovie(new Movie("Joel Coen", "The Big Lebowski", 1998));

        List<Movie> list = movies.getMovies();
        assertEquals("List.size()", 3, list.size());

        for (Movie movie : list) {
            movies.deleteMovie(movie);
        }

        assertEquals("Movies.getMovies()", 0, movies.getMovies().size());
    }
}

Ejecutando

Para ejecutar el ejemplo a través de maven:

Acceda a la carpeta del proyecto:

cd jpa-hibernate

y ejecute:

mvn clean install

Lo que generará una salida similar a la siguiente:

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 T E S T S
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 T E S T S
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Running org.superbiz.injection.h5jpa.MoviesTest
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Created new singletonService org.apache.openejb.cdi.ThreadSingletonServiceImpl@176d53b2
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Succeeded in installing singleton service
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Cannot find the configuration file [conf/openejb.xml].  Will attempt to create one for the beans deployed.
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Configuring Service(id=Default Security Service, type=SecurityService, provider-id=Default Security Service)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Configuring Service(id=Default Transaction Manager, type=TransactionManager, provider-id=Default Transaction Manager)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Configuring Service(id=movieDatabase, type=Resource, provider-id=Default JDBC Database)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Creating TransactionManager(id=Default Transaction Manager)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Creating SecurityService(id=Default Security Service)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Creating Resource(id=movieDatabase)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Configuring enterprise application: /home/zowallar/Dokumente/work/coding/tomee/examples/jpa-hibernate/MoviesTest
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Auto-deploying ejb Movies: EjbDeployment(deployment-id=Movies)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Configuring Service(id=Default Managed Container, type=Container, provider-id=Default Managed Container)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Auto-creating a container for bean org.superbiz.injection.h5jpa.MoviesTest: Container(type=MANAGED, id=Default Managed Container)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Creating Container(id=Default Managed Container)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Using directory /tmp for stateful session passivation
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Configuring Service(id=Default Stateful Container, type=Container, provider-id=Default Stateful Container)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Auto-creating a container for bean Movies: Container(type=STATEFUL, id=Default Stateful Container)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Creating Container(id=Default Stateful Container)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Using directory /tmp for stateful session passivation
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Configuring PersistenceUnit(name=movie-unit, provider=org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Auto-creating a Resource with id 'movieDatabaseNonJta' of type 'DataSource' for 'movie-unit'.
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Configuring Service(id=movieDatabaseNonJta, type=Resource, provider-id=movieDatabase)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Creating Resource(id=movieDatabaseNonJta)
März 24, 2022 9:34:39 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Adjusting PersistenceUnit movie-unit <non-jta-data-source> to Resource ID 'movieDatabaseNonJta' from 'movieDatabaseUnmanaged'
März 24, 2022 9:34:40 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Enterprise application "/home/zowallar/Dokumente/work/coding/tomee/examples/jpa-hibernate/MoviesTest" loaded.
März 24, 2022 9:34:40 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Not creating another application classloader for MoviesTest
März 24, 2022 9:34:40 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Assembling app: /home/zowallar/Dokumente/work/coding/tomee/examples/jpa-hibernate/MoviesTest
März 24, 2022 9:34:40 VORM. org.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper logPersistenceUnitInformation
INFO: HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: movie-unit]
März 24, 2022 9:34:40 VORM. org.hibernate.Version logVersion
INFO: HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 5.6.7.Final
März 24, 2022 9:34:40 VORM. org.hibernate.annotations.common.reflection.java.JavaReflectionManager <clinit>
INFO: HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.1.2.Final}
März 24, 2022 9:34:40 VORM. org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect <init>
INFO: HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect
März 24, 2022 9:34:40 VORM. org.hibernate.resource.beans.spi.ManagedBeanRegistryInitiator resolveBeanContainer
INFO: HHH10005002: No explicit CDI BeanManager reference was passed to Hibernate, but CDI is available on the Hibernate ClassLoader.
März 24, 2022 9:34:40 VORM. org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.JtaPlatformInitiator initiateService
INFO: HHH000490: Using JtaPlatform implementation: [org.apache.openejb.hibernate.OpenEJBJtaPlatform2]
März 24, 2022 9:34:40 VORM. org.hibernate.validator.internal.util.Version <clinit>
INFO: HV000001: Hibernate Validator 7.0.4.Final
März 24, 2022 9:34:41 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: PersistenceUnit(name=movie-unit, provider=org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider) - provider time 1292ms
WARNING: An illegal reflective access operation has occurred
WARNING: Illegal reflective access by org.apache.openejb.util.proxy.ClassDefiner (file:/home/zowallar/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomee/openejb-core/9.0.0-M9-SNAPSHOT/openejb-core-9.0.0-M9-SNAPSHOT.jar) to method java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(java.lang.String,byte[],int,int,java.security.ProtectionDomain)
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of org.apache.openejb.util.proxy.ClassDefiner
WARNING: Use --illegal-access=warn to enable warnings of further illegal reflective access operations
WARNING: All illegal access operations will be denied in a future release
März 24, 2022 9:34:41 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Jndi(name=MoviesLocalBean) --> Ejb(deployment-id=Movies)
März 24, 2022 9:34:41 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Jndi(name=global/MoviesTest/movie-beans/Movies!org.superbiz.injection.h5jpa.Movies) --> Ejb(deployment-id=Movies)
März 24, 2022 9:34:41 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Jndi(name=global/MoviesTest/movie-beans/Movies) --> Ejb(deployment-id=Movies)
März 24, 2022 9:34:41 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Existing thread singleton service in SystemInstance(): org.apache.openejb.cdi.ThreadSingletonServiceImpl@176d53b2
März 24, 2022 9:34:41 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: OpenWebBeans Container is starting...
März 24, 2022 9:34:41 VORM. org.apache.webbeans.plugins.PluginLoader startUp
INFORMATION: Adding OpenWebBeansPlugin : [CdiPlugin]
März 24, 2022 9:34:42 VORM. org.apache.webbeans.config.BeansDeployer validateInjectionPoints
INFORMATION: All injection points were validated successfully.
März 24, 2022 9:34:42 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: OpenWebBeans Container has started, it took 665 ms.
März 24, 2022 9:34:42 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Created Ejb(deployment-id=Movies, ejb-name=Movies, container=Default Stateful Container)
März 24, 2022 9:34:42 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Started Ejb(deployment-id=Movies, ejb-name=Movies, container=Default Stateful Container)
März 24, 2022 9:34:42 VORM. org.apache.batchee.container.services.ServicesManager init
WARNUNG: You didn't specify org.apache.batchee.jmx.application and JMX is already registered, skipping
März 24, 2022 9:34:42 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Deployed Application(path=/home/zowallar/Dokumente/work/coding/tomee/examples/jpa-hibernate/MoviesTest)
März 24, 2022 9:34:42 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Undeploying app: /home/zowallar/Dokumente/work/coding/tomee/examples/jpa-hibernate/MoviesTest
März 24, 2022 9:34:42 VORM. org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.SchemaDropperImpl$DelayedDropActionImpl perform
INFO: HHH000477: Starting delayed evictData of schema as part of SessionFactory shut-down'
März 24, 2022 9:34:42 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Closing DataSource: movieDatabase
März 24, 2022 9:34:42 VORM. org.apache.openejb.util.LogStreamAsync run
INFORMATION: Closing DataSource: movieDatabaseNonJta
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 3.567 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

APIs Used