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Multiple JPA Providers Test

This test shows how to use multiple JPA providers, Hibernate and Openjpa. Using JPA annotations the code can be easily used with different implementations. The @Entity class is straight forward, a Person POJO with an id and a name, the persistence.xml creates and drop Person table for both implementations. The examples and implementations dependency are inside test resources, in particularly: arquillian.xml for test purpose, hibernate-pom.xml loads hibernate-core dependencies and openjpa-pom.xml loads openjpa dependencies. The test inside JPATest.java class is executed twice, once for each implementation.

@Entity

Simple POJO class that follows JPA standard

import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import jakarta.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class Person {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private long id;

    private String name;

    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

persistence.xml

Create and drop Person table

<persistence version="2.0"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
                   http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
<persistence-unit name="jpa">
    <jta-data-source>jdbc/jpa</jta-data-source>
    <properties>
    <!--
        OpenJPA
    -->
    <property name="openjpa.jdbc.SynchronizeMappings" value="buildSchema(ForeignKeys=true)"/>

    <!--
        Hibernate
    -->
    <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop"/>
    </properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

JPA test

The entity manager is injected through cdi and an Object Person is created and inserted into the inmemory database

import org.jboss.arquillian.container.test.api.Deployment;
import org.jboss.arquillian.junit.Arquillian;
import org.jboss.arquillian.transaction.api.annotation.TransactionMode;
import org.jboss.arquillian.transaction.api.annotation.Transactional;
import org.jboss.shrinkwrap.api.ArchivePaths;
import org.jboss.shrinkwrap.api.ShrinkWrap;
import org.jboss.shrinkwrap.api.asset.ClassLoaderAsset;
import org.jboss.shrinkwrap.api.spec.WebArchive;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.superbiz.model.Person;

import jakarta.persistence.EntityManager;
import jakarta.persistence.PersistenceContext;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

@RunWith(Arquillian.class)
public class JPATest {

    @Deployment
    public static WebArchive war() {
        return ShrinkWrap.create(WebArchive.class)
                .addClass(Person.class)
                .addAsWebInfResource(new ClassLoaderAsset("META-INF/persistence.xml"), ArchivePaths.create("persistence.xml"));
    }

    @PersistenceContext
    private EntityManager em;

    @Test
    @Transactional(TransactionMode.ROLLBACK)
    public void persist() {
        assertNotNull(em);

        // do something with the em
        final Person p = new Person();
        p.setName("Apache OpenEJB");
        em.persist(p);
    }
}

Inside the example there are no reference to the JPA implementations.

Test implementations

The test classes inside org.superbiz.enricher package simply load the implementation libraries and the test runs twice as described inside the pom.xml, a system property variable is used to distinguish between Hibernate and OpenJPA.

Running

Running the example can be done from maven with a simple 'mvn clean install' command run from the 'multi-jpa-provider-testing' directory.

When run you should see output similar to the following.

-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running org.superbiz.JPATest
INFO - ********************************************************************************
INFO - OpenEJB http://tomee.apache.org/
INFO - Startup: Wed Dec 26 17:55:31 CET 2018
INFO - Copyright 1999-2024 (C) Apache OpenEJB Project, All Rights Reserved.
INFO - Version: 10.0.0-M1-SNAPSHOT
INFO - Build date: 20181226
INFO - Build time: 02:26
INFO - ********************************************************************************
INFO - openejb.home = /tomee/examples/multi-jpa-provider-testing
INFO - openejb.base = /tomee/examples/multi-jpa-provider-testing
INFO - Created new singletonService org.apache.openejb.cdi.ThreadSingletonServiceImpl@5db45159
INFO - Succeeded in installing singleton service
INFO - Cannot find the configuration file [conf/openejb.xml].  Will attempt to create one for the beans deployed.
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Security Service, type=SecurityService, provider-id=Default Security Service)
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Transaction Manager, type=TransactionManager, provider-id=Default Transaction Manager)
INFO - Using 'openejb.deployments.classpath=false'
INFO - Creating TransactionManager(id=Default Transaction Manager)
INFO - Creating SecurityService(id=Default Security Service)
INFO - Using 'openejb.classloader.forced-load=org.superbiz.model'
INFO - Configuring enterprise application: /tomee/examples/multi-jpa-provider-testing/413724ac-4a44-48a3-ae4a-db190b95cc62.war
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Managed Container, type=Container, provider-id=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Auto-creating a container for bean 413724ac-4a44-48a3-ae4a-db190b95cc62_org.superbiz.JPATest: Container(type=MANAGED, id=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Creating Container(id=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Using directory /tmp for stateful session passivation
INFO - Configuring PersistenceUnit(name=jpa)
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default JDBC Database, type=Resource, provider-id=Default JDBC Database)
INFO - Auto-creating a Resource with id 'Default JDBC Database' of type 'DataSource for 'jpa'.
INFO - Creating Resource(id=Default JDBC Database)
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Unmanaged JDBC Database, type=Resource, provider-id=Default Unmanaged JDBC Database)
INFO - Auto-creating a Resource with id 'Default Unmanaged JDBC Database' of type 'DataSource for 'jpa'.
INFO - Creating Resource(id=Default Unmanaged JDBC Database)
INFO - Adjusting PersistenceUnit jpa <jta-data-source> to Resource ID 'Default JDBC Database' from 'jdbc/jpa'
INFO - Adjusting PersistenceUnit jpa <non-jta-data-source> to Resource ID 'Default Unmanaged JDBC Database' from 'null'
INFO - Using 'jakarta.persistence.provider=org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence'
INFO - Enterprise application "/tomee/examples/multi-jpa-provider-testing/413724ac-4a44-48a3-ae4a-db190b95cc62.war" loaded.
INFO - Assembling app: /tomee/examples/multi-jpa-provider-testing/413724ac-4a44-48a3-ae4a-db190b95cc62.war
INFO - HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {4.0.2.Final}
INFO - HHH000412: Hibernate Core {4.2.18.Final}
INFO - HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
INFO - HHH000021: Bytecode provider name : javassist
INFO - HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [
    name: jpa
    ...]
INFO - HHH000130: Instantiating explicit connection provider: org.hibernate.ejb.connection.InjectedDataSourceConnectionProvider
INFO - HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect
INFO - HHH000268: Transaction strategy: org.hibernate.engine.transaction.internal.jta.CMTTransactionFactory
INFO - HHH000397: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
INFO - HHH000227: Running hbm2ddl schema export
INFO - HHH000230: Schema export complete
INFO - PersistenceUnit(name=jpa, provider=org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence) - provider time 1053ms
INFO - Existing thread singleton service in SystemInstance(): org.apache.openejb.cdi.ThreadSingletonServiceImpl@5db45159
INFO - Some Principal APIs could not be loaded: org.eclipse.microprofile.jwt.JsonWebToken out of org.eclipse.microprofile.jwt.JsonWebToken not found
INFO - OpenWebBeans Container is starting...
INFO - Adding OpenWebBeansPlugin : [CdiPlugin]
INFO - HV000001: Hibernate Validator 5.1.3.Final
INFO - All injection points were validated successfully.
INFO - OpenWebBeans Container has started, it took 194 ms.
INFO - Deployed Application(path=/tomee/examples/multi-jpa-provider-testing/413724ac-4a44-48a3-ae4a-db190b95cc62.war)
INFO - Undeploying app: /tomee/examples/multi-jpa-provider-testing/413724ac-4a44-48a3-ae4a-db190b95cc62.war
INFO - HHH000227: Running hbm2ddl schema export
INFO - HHH000230: Schema export complete
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 2.951 sec - in org.superbiz.JPATest
INFO - Destroying container system
INFO - Closing DataSource: Default JDBC Database
INFO - Closing DataSource: Default Unmanaged JDBC Database

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
SUREFIRE-859: 57  classpath-bootstrap  INFO   [main] openjpa.Enhance - You have enabled runtime enhancement, but have not specified the set of persistent classes.  OpenJPA must look for metadata for every loaded class, which might increase class load times significantly.
353  classpath-bootstrap  INFO   [main] openjpa.Runtime - OpenJPA dynamically loaded a validation provider.
Running org.superbiz.JPATest
INFO - ********************************************************************************
INFO - OpenEJB http://tomee.apache.org/
INFO - Startup: Wed Dec 26 17:55:35 CET 2018
INFO - Copyright 1999-2024 (C) Apache OpenEJB Project, All Rights Reserved.
INFO - Version: 10.0.0-M1-SNAPSHOT
INFO - Build date: 20181226
INFO - Build time: 02:26
INFO - ********************************************************************************
INFO - openejb.home = /tomee/examples/multi-jpa-provider-testing
INFO - openejb.base = /tomee/examples/multi-jpa-provider-testing
INFO - Created new singletonService org.apache.openejb.cdi.ThreadSingletonServiceImpl@4a8a60bc
INFO - Succeeded in installing singleton service
INFO - Cannot find the configuration file [conf/openejb.xml].  Will attempt to create one for the beans deployed.
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Security Service, type=SecurityService, provider-id=Default Security Service)
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Transaction Manager, type=TransactionManager, provider-id=Default Transaction Manager)
INFO - Using 'openejb.deployments.classpath=false'
INFO - Creating TransactionManager(id=Default Transaction Manager)
INFO - Creating SecurityService(id=Default Security Service)
INFO - Configuring enterprise application: /tomee/examples/multi-jpa-provider-testing/450e397e-de39-49eb-837f-7b066fc9f248.war
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Managed Container, type=Container, provider-id=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Auto-creating a container for bean 450e397e-de39-49eb-837f-7b066fc9f248_org.superbiz.JPATest: Container(type=MANAGED, id=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Creating Container(id=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Using directory /tmp for stateful session passivation
INFO - Configuring PersistenceUnit(name=jpa)
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default JDBC Database, type=Resource, provider-id=Default JDBC Database)
INFO - Auto-creating a Resource with id 'Default JDBC Database' of type 'DataSource for 'jpa'.
INFO - Creating Resource(id=Default JDBC Database)
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Unmanaged JDBC Database, type=Resource, provider-id=Default Unmanaged JDBC Database)
INFO - Auto-creating a Resource with id 'Default Unmanaged JDBC Database' of type 'DataSource for 'jpa'.
INFO - Creating Resource(id=Default Unmanaged JDBC Database)
INFO - Adjusting PersistenceUnit jpa <jta-data-source> to Resource ID 'Default JDBC Database' from 'jdbc/jpa'
INFO - Adjusting PersistenceUnit jpa <non-jta-data-source> to Resource ID 'Default Unmanaged JDBC Database' from 'null'
INFO - Using 'jakarta.persistence.provider=org.apache.openjpa.persistence.PersistenceProviderImpl'
INFO - Enterprise application "/tomee/examples/multi-jpa-provider-testing/450e397e-de39-49eb-837f-7b066fc9f248.war" loaded.
INFO - Assembling app: /tomee/examples/multi-jpa-provider-testing/450e397e-de39-49eb-837f-7b066fc9f248.war
INFO - OpenJPA dynamically loaded a validation provider.
INFO - PersistenceUnit(name=jpa, provider=org.apache.openjpa.persistence.PersistenceProviderImpl) - provider time 116ms
INFO - Existing thread singleton service in SystemInstance(): org.apache.openejb.cdi.ThreadSingletonServiceImpl@4a8a60bc
INFO - Some Principal APIs could not be loaded: org.eclipse.microprofile.jwt.JsonWebToken out of org.eclipse.microprofile.jwt.JsonWebToken not found
INFO - OpenWebBeans Container is starting...
INFO - Adding OpenWebBeansPlugin : [CdiPlugin]
INFO - HV000001: Hibernate Validator 5.1.3.Final
INFO - All injection points were validated successfully.
INFO - OpenWebBeans Container has started, it took 170 ms.
INFO - Deployed Application(path=/tomee/examples/multi-jpa-provider-testing/450e397e-de39-49eb-837f-7b066fc9f248.war)
INFO - Starting OpenJPA 3.0.0
INFO - Using dictionary class "org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.sql.HSQLDictionary" (HSQL Database Engine 2.3.2 ,HSQL Database Engine Driver 2.3.2).
INFO - Connected to HSQL Database Engine version 2.2 using JDBC driver HSQL Database Engine Driver version 2.3.2.
INFO - Undeploying app: /tomee/examples/multi-jpa-provider-testing/450e397e-de39-49eb-837f-7b066fc9f248.war
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 2.666 sec - in org.superbiz.JPATest
INFO - Destroying container system
INFO - Closing DataSource: Default JDBC Database
INFO - Closing DataSource: Default Unmanaged JDBC Database

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

From the log you can see that both implementations are used: INFO - Using 'jakarta.persistence.provider=org.apache.openjpa.persistence.PersistenceProviderImpl', INFO - Using 'jakarta.persistence.provider=org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence'.

Inside the jar

If we look at the jar built by maven, we’ll see the application itself is quite small:

jar tvf multi-jpa-provider-testing-10.0.0-M1-SNAPSHOT.jar
    0 Wed Dec 26 17:55:40 CET 2018 META-INF/
134 Wed Dec 26 17:55:38 CET 2018 META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
    0 Wed Dec 26 17:55:30 CET 2018 org/
    0 Wed Dec 26 17:55:30 CET 2018 org/superbiz/
    0 Wed Dec 26 17:55:30 CET 2018 org/superbiz/model/
780 Wed Dec 26 17:55:30 CET 2018 org/superbiz/model/Person.class
1554 Wed Dec 26 17:55:30 CET 2018 META-INF/persistence.xml
    0 Wed Dec 26 17:55:40 CET 2018 META-INF/maven/
    0 Wed Dec 26 17:55:40 CET 2018 META-INF/maven/org.superbiz/
    0 Wed Dec 26 17:55:40 CET 2018 META-INF/maven/org.superbiz/multi-jpa-provider-testing/
5696 Wed Dec 26 17:41:54 CET 2018 META-INF/maven/org.superbiz/multi-jpa-provider-testing/pom.xml
132 Wed Dec 26 17:55:38 CET 2018 META-INF/maven/org.superbiz/multi-jpa-provider-testing/pom.properties

Inside the resources package there is only a java class and the persistence.xml and the only dependency is jakartaee-api:8.0.

APIs Used